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Graduated at West Point in 1853, and became lieutenant of mounted rifles, serving at the Carlisle, Pennsylvania, cavalry school, and on the frontier. On 1 May 1856, he resigned and became an architect in Savannah, Georgia, where he was also Lieutenant-Colonel of state militia. He removed his office to St. Louis, No., in 1857, where he was captain in the Missouri militia from 1859 till 1861. He was adjutant to General Frost during the expedition to the border in search of Montgomery, and, when the civil war began, commanded the second regiment of Frost"s brigade. He was acting chief of staff to General Frost when Camp Jackson was captured by General Lyon, and afterward, disregarding his parole, raised at Memphis the 1st Missouri infantry. He was severely wounded at the battle of Shiloh, where he commanded a brigade in Breckinridge"s corps, and stubbornly resisted Grant"s advance near Port Gibson in May 1863. He was in all the battles around Vicksburg, and took a prominent part in the negotiations for its surrender, and his death is said to have been hastened by mortification at that event.
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